Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)

\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)

Đặt: \(E=\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Ta có: \(F-E=\frac{x^4-y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4-z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4-x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)+\left(y-z\right)+\left(z-x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow F=E\)

Từ đó ta có:

\(2F=\frac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)^2}{2\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)}{2\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{4\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x+y}{4}+\frac{y+z}{4}+\frac{z+x}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow F\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

Bạn ơi, cho mình hỏi này

Sao có \(\frac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)  và sao có  \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)}\)  

Giải đáp tận tình hộ mình nhé.

Cái đó là bất đẳng thức cosi đấy b

\(x^4+y^4\ge2x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2}\) 

Lời giải:
Xét hiệu:

\(\frac{x^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{y^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{z^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}-\left(\frac{y^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{z^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{x^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}\right)\)

\(=\frac{x^4-y^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{y^4-z^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{z^4-x^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}\)

\(=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{x^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{y^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{z^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}=\frac{y^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{z^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{x^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}\)

Do đó:
\(2F=\frac{x^4+y^4}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}\)

\(\geq \frac{\frac{(x^2+y^2)^2}{2}}{(x^2+y^2)(x+y)}+\frac{\frac{(y^2+z^2)^2}{2}}{(y^2+z^2)(y+z)}+\frac{\frac{(z^2+x^2)^2}{2}}{(z^2+x^2)(z+x)}\) (áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)

hay \(2F\geq \frac{x^2+y^2}{2(x+y)}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{2(y+z)}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{2(z+x)}\)

Mà cũng theo BĐT Cauchy thì:

\(\frac{x^2+y^2}{2(x+y)}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{2(y+z)}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{2(z+x)}\geq \frac{\frac{(x+y)^2}{2}}{2(x+y)}+\frac{\frac{(y+z)^2}{2}}{2(y+z)}+\frac{\frac{(z+x)^2}{2}}{2(x+z)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow 2F\geq \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow F\geq \frac{1}{4}\)

Vậy \(F_{\min}=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

Thế \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;-1\right)\) vào ta được \(f\left(0\right)=0\)

Thế \(y=0\Rightarrow f\left(f\left(x\right)\right)=x\)

Do vế phải của biểu thức trên là hàm bậc nhất \(\Rightarrow\) có tập giá trị là \(Z\Rightarrow f\) là toàn ánh

Giả sử tồn tại \(x_1;x_2\) sao cho \(f\left(x_1\right)=f\left(x_2\right)=a\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(f\left(x_1\right)\right)=x_1\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)=x_1\\f\left(f\left(x_2\right)\right)=x_2\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)=x_2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x_1=x_2\Rightarrow f\) là đơn ánh \(\Rightarrow f\) là song ánh

Thế \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;-1\right)\Rightarrow f\left(0\right)=1+f\left(-1\right)\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)=-1\)

Thế \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;f\left(1\right)\right)\Rightarrow f\left(f\left(-1\right)+f^2\left(1\right)\right)=-1+f\left(f\left(1\right)\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(f^2\left(1\right)-1\right)=-1+1=0\Rightarrow f^2\left(1\right)-1=0\) (do \(f\) song ánh)

\(\Rightarrow f^2\left(1\right)=1\Rightarrow f\left(1\right)=1\) (cũng vẫn do \(f\) song ánh nên \(f\left(1\right)\ne-1\) do \(f\left(-1\right)=-1\))

Thế \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;x\right)\Rightarrow f\left(1+x\right)=1+f\left(x\right)\) (1)

Từ đẳng thức trên, do \(x\in Z\) nên ta có thể quy nạp để tìm hàm \(f\):

- Với \(x=0\Rightarrow f\left(1\right)=1\)

- Với \(x=1\Rightarrow f\left(2\right)=f\left(1+1\right)=1+f\left(1\right)=2\)

- Giả sử \(f\left(k\right)=k\), ta cần chứng minh \(f\left(1+k\right)=1+k\), nhưng điều này hiển nhiên đúng theo (1)

Vậy \(f\left(x\right)=x\) là hàm cần tìm

Đặt \(A=\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow F-A=\frac{x^4-y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^2-z^2}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4-x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow F=A\)

\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\frac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)^2}{2\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{x^2+y^2}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{2\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{4\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

\(F_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

Ta có: 

\(1+x^2=xy+yz+xz+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)

\(1+y^2=xy+yz+xz+y^2=\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(1+z^2=xy+yz+xz+z^2=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)

Thay vào T ta được:

\(T=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)

\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=xy+xz+xy+yz+xz+zy\)

\(=2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=2\left(xy+yz+xz=1\right)\)

Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+zx=\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)\).

Tương tự ta cũng có \(1+y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\) và \(1+z^2=\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)\).

Thu gọn được \(T=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=2\)

thiếu đề. (2)

`(x-1)^2>=0`